Sports Team Model

The template separates revenue into four streams because each behaves differently. Matchday revenue depends on home games, stadium capacity, attendance rate and average ticket yield, with premium hospitality added on top.

• Broadcasting combines a league central distribution, a merit-based payment and facility fees for televised home matches, so a club's receipts are partly fixed by the league deal and partly tied to on-pitch performance. Commercial revenue is built from shirt sponsorship, kit deals, naming rights, other partners and merchandise royalties.
• Player trading is modelled separately as the difference between fees received and the net book value of the sold registration, and it is deliberately treated as non-recurring because transfers are lumpy.

Everything begins in an assumptions area that holds the hardcoded inputs: revenue growth rates, wage assumptions, transfer budgets, capex, debt terms, tax and working capital days. Those inputs drive the revenue build and the cost schedules.

• Player wages are modelled as a squad size times an average wage with a bonus uplift, not as a percentage of revenue, because contracts are sticky. Player amortisation spreads each transfer fee across the contract length.
• The income statement then moves from total revenue through wages and operating costs to EBITDA, then subtracts player amortisation, depreciation and interest to reach net income, after adding or deducting the player trading gain or loss.

The outputs include a full income statement, a balance sheet, a cash flow statement and a debt schedule.

• Because player registrations are capitalised as intangible assets, they appear on the balance sheet alongside stadium and training facilities, and their amortisation runs through the P&L.
• The cash flow statement distinguishes the cash received from transfers from the accounting gain, and it captures working capital swings from instalments receivable and payable.
• The checks sheet tests that the balance sheet balances, that the wage-to-revenue ratio stays below the threshold, that DSCR exceeds its minimum and that closing cash matches the balance sheet, keeping the analysis internally consistent.

This structure suits an evaluation of a mid-market franchise where the main question is whether revenue growth and cost control support the asking price or the debt being raised. By keeping broadcasting receipts partly league-determined and player trading lumpy, the template discourages optimistic assumptions about recurring income.

• It also highlights the tension between wage commitments and revenue, which is often the deciding factor. Cross-sheet links flow from assumptions through to the statements, so changing a growth rate, a wage bill or a transfer budget updates profit, cash and leverage.
• The result is a framework for testing acquisition, investment or lending cases rather than a packaged forecast.